Boron nitride is a crystal (BN) composed of nitrogen atoms and boron atoms. Its chemical composition is 43.6% boron and 56.4% nitrogen. According to the crystal form, boron nitride is divided into hexagonal boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, rhombohedral boron nitride and wurtzite boron nitride. However, current research on boron nitride mainly focuses on the two crystal forms of hexagonal boron nitride and cubic boron nitride. The crystal structure of hexagonal boron nitride has a similar layered structure to graphite, and is a white powder that is loose, lubricating, easy to absorb, and light in weight. The theoretical density is 2.29g/cm3, Mohs hardness is 2, and its chemical properties are extremely stable. The product has high moisture resistance and can be used in nitrogen or argon at temperatures up to 2800°C. It not only has a low thermal expansion coefficient, but also has high thermal conductivity. It is both a good conductor of heat and a typical electrical insulator. The thermal conductivity of BN measured at 300k using high-purity single crystal is 730w/mk.

There are many synthesis methods for hexagonal boron nitride. The basic principle is to refine the boron source and nitrogen source by heating and reacting them together. The difficulty in producing boron nitride lies in the control of process conditions, which has a great impact on product quality and output. In order to reduce costs and improve quality, several issues that must be paid attention to are: the purity and proportion of raw materials, the impact of reaction temperature and time, the impact of washing methods and the impact of drying processes. Of course, production equipment, production environment, etc. will all have an impact to a certain extent.

Boron nitride is widely used in many fields.The following are the main application areas of boron nitride:

1. High-temperature materials: Boron nitride has excellent high-temperature stability and heat resistance, and can work in high-temperature environments for a long time without significant changes. Therefore, it is often used to manufacture high-temperature stoves, ceramic parts, refractory materials, etc.

2. Electronic devices: Boron nitride has excellent insulation properties and thermal conductivity and can be used in heat insulation and heat dissipation parts of electronic devices. It can be used as thermal interface material, electronic packaging material, and can also be used to manufacture efficient heat sinks, thermal conductive plates, etc.

3. Friction materials: Since boron nitride has a low friction coefficient and good self-lubricating properties, it has application potential in the field of friction materials. Boron nitride is used to make friction materials, lubricants, tool coatings, etc. to reduce friction loss and wear.

4. Chemical and electrochemical applications: Boron nitride has excellent corrosion resistance and chemical stability against many chemical substances and electrochemical media. Therefore, it is widely used in chemical reaction vessels, battery electrolytes, anti-corrosion coatings and other fields.

5. Processing and manufacturing: Boron nitride has good mechanical properties and thermal conductivity and can be used in manufacturing tools, ceramic cutting tools, abrasives, grinding powder and other fields. It can also be used to spray high temperature coatings to provide heat protection and wear resistance.

6. Optical field: Boron nitride has excellent transparency and optical properties and is widely used in the optical field. It can be used to manufacture laser windows, infrared windows, optical lenses, etc.

It should be noted that specific application areas may vary depending on different boron nitride types and preparation processes. Boron nitride has various structures and forms, such as cubic boron nitride (c-BN) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Depending on the specific application needs, it is critical to select the appropriate boron nitride type and preparation method.
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